TWiki Topics

The basic building block of a TWiki site is called a topic, identified by a unique, hopefully descriptive, WikiWord title. It may seem easier just to call them pages, but specifically a topic is the content of a page. The distinction seems small but will become more important as your skill using TWiki increases. TWikiSites are built using topics.

Characteristics

A TWiki topic is a rich information unit. Each topic has:

• name
  • instantly identify what the topic is about
  • link to it from other topics just by typing in its WikiWord
• content
  • edited by simply clicking the edit link
  • enter plain text, leaving a blank space between paragraphs like email (all you need)
  • enter simple TWiki shorthand to represent complex HTML and special TWiki tags
  • enter HTML if you are familiar with it
  • include links to other topics, URLs, Web sites, files, images, sounds, or anything else you can put on a regular Web page
  • handy pop-up quick reference
  • do all of this through whatever web browser you are familiar with
• access control
  • independently determine who can see, edit, rename, move or delete topics
  • set permissions by individual users and user groups
  • over-ride topic, TWiki web or site
• revision control
  • topic changes are automatically saved
  • efficiently stores every change made to the original version
  • lets you compare and retrieve changes between any two versions, or review them all
  • displays any previous version as a regular Web page or as raw topic text
• TWiki web
  • a TWiki organizational unit to which the topic belongs
  • relevant when searching for a topic, referencing it or typing in its URL
• meta-data
  • hidden contextual data stored within each topic.
  • parents
    • automatically links a new topic as the "child" of the topic it was created from
    • hierarchical, parent-child navigation
    • allows manual assignment of parent topic from a list of all topics in the local web
    • offers navigation by topic parents
• backlinks
  • named referred-by (Ref-By)
  • lists all topics that reference the current topic

Features that can be used by topics and sites include:

• TWiki Skins to customize the look of headers and footers when topics are converted to Web pages for display:
  • default and user selectable per session
  • fully configurable look and feel
  • apply skins across an entire TWiki web, or to a single displayed page
  • use included skins and easily create new ones
  • try the [Printable] skin below: stripped down headers and footers suitable for clean hard copy
• plug-ins
  • new feature packages
  • developer community evolving existing and new capabilities
• add-ons
  • enhanced capability without an interface to users
• FileAttachment
  • upload files through your browser to the TWiki server
  • attach any type of file (documents, images, applications) for viewing online, storage or sharing downloads with others
  • upload revisions of existing files with automatic backup of all previous revisions
• formatted search
  • embedded searches of topics, data and meta-data, optional regular expressions
  • custom formatting for outputting lists or tables, optional layout, headings, summary, etc.
• variables
  • similar to a command line context with site wide and locally defined variables
  • over-ride topic, TWiki web or site
• forms
  • store database-style info alongside the free-form topic content
  • accesses meta-data
  • use text fields and boxes, radio buttons, pulldown selector menus, checkboxes
  • create your own forms to tag topics to later search, sort and display
• renaming, moving, and deleting
  • rename a topic and automatically update all of the links to it, site-wide
  • move a topic from one TWiki web to another
  • safely delete a topic to a special Trash web (invisible, but recoverable from the Web server if necessary)
• many more features...

The configuration of your TWiki site, skins and your personal user account can modify the way these features are used and presented to you.

Creating and editing topics

A primary purpose of TWiki is to make it incredibly easy for you to add and edit information on existing topics, create new topics, and link between TWiki topics.

• To modify a topic: click the Edit link in the toolbar at the bottom left of every page (using the Default skin). An editing window appears. Type away. Use the GoodStyle and TextFormattingRules links to get pop-up window help.
  • Click Preview Changes to see how your edit looks.
  • Click Save Changes to save.

• To add a new topic: the simplest way is to type a new WikiName in an existing topic, while you're in edit mode. When the topic is saved, the new name will appear highlighted, with a ? at the end: click the ? and a new edit window appears. Enter, preview and save as usual. The new topic now exists.
  • Go back to the topic where you started, and you'll see the ? has disappeared, and your WikiWord name is now a regular link. Type it anywhere on any topic in that web, and it will be turned into a link.
  • One little links rule: each topic, and its WikiWord link, belong to one unique web only. To link between webs, you must first enter the topic's web name.
    Example: This is TWikiTopics, in the TWiki web, so that's all you need to type on any topic in this web. But to link to TWikiTopics from a topic in the Main web, you have to type TWiki04x01.TWikiTopics - Webname.TopicName. It's easy.

Another way to add a topic is to type a new topic name in the Go box or an unknown topic URL. You can type in either a WikiName to create the topic in the current web or Web.TopicName to create a topic in a different web than the current page. Topics created with the Go box or URLs do not have parent meta-data defined.

Other features

The color-coded toolbar at the bottom of every topic displays a series of links, including:

• [Attach] - pops a new screen for FileAttachments
• [Ref-By] - displays all the TWiki topics with links to the current topic
• [Diffs] - generates a page showing every change made to the current topic, with names, dates, and changes made (diffs)
• r1.3 | > | r1.2 (ex) - view most recent revision and changes
• [More] - opens up a new screen containing additional controls

It looks complicated, but the basics you need to begin with are very simple to use. The flexible and optional features are ready when you care to learn about them - the only way to confuse yourself or your site set-up and users is by using features you really don't need. Unlike the usual expensive, complex collaboration and project management packages, TWiki is fully functional and effective just by typing in text and making WikiWord links. All the additional features are there, but only if you need them!

• Some controls are self-explanatory and also include instructions and help links.
• Experiment. You can always Cancel an edit or (using revision control) go Back whenever you like.
• Get in-depth info from the complete documentation, including the User's Guide, Configuration Manual and TWiki Reference.

Renaming, moving or deleting topics

You can rename, move and delete individual topics by clicking More on the control strip at the bottom of every page. The access settings for a topic, web or entire site may be disabled for one or more of the three options, depending on your site set-up and access permissions.

1. Go to the top you want to change, click More > Rename/move
2. To move or delete: select the target web (Trash to delete)from the pull-down menu (otherwise, leave on the current web)
3. To rename: fill in a new WikiName (otherwise, leave the current topic name)
4. To update links: From the list of topics that show links to the topic you're changing, uncheck each entry you DON'T want to update - only checked links will be updated;
5. Click Rename/move: the topic is renamed and/or moved, and the checked links to the topic are updated.
   • Any problems are listed - take note, and you can fix them later.
   • If a linked topic can't be updated (it may be locked because someone's editing it), an alert will appear. You can update missed topics later by again pressing Rename/move.

Deleting means moving a topic to the Trash web. Since all webs share the one Trash, name conflicts may come up.

Reviewing and Reverting

RCS revision control automatically saves all topic changes. To look at earlier versions of a topic, click on Diffs link in topic commands. If you would like to revert to an earlier version or reclaim part of an earlier version, just copy from the old topic revision to the current topic revision. This is a step by step set of instructions:

1. In the Diffs view, take note of what version of the topic you want to reclaim and then return to View.
2. Select More in the topic commands.
3. Under "View previous topic revision," enter the version number you want to reclaim and check "raw text format." Then click on "View revision."
4. Select either the portion of that version you want to reclaim or the entire text of the topic if you want to revert completely to that version. Select Copy under your browser's Edit menu.
5. Return to the most recent version of the topic and select Edit from the topic commands.
6. Either paste in the portion of the topic you wish to reclaimed or replace the entire text with the text you copied from the earlier version.
7. Save the topic.

See: ManagingTopics for more details.

-- TWiki:MikeMannix - 22 May 2002
-- TWiki:Main.GrantBow - 17 Jan 2003

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Comments & Questions about this Distribution Document Topic

• attach files section, separate other features at end

Why does TWiki use the terms topic and page interchangeably? The rest of the world calls them pages; shouldn't we? But if we're going to use a different term, let's be consistent and not call them pages as well. -- JonReid - 13 Feb 2002

I would agree to call them topic if we really refer to one of the TWikiTopics, and use the term page when we really need to refer pages out of a TWikiSite. But, then again, are we really in need to make that disctinction? -- AntonioVega - 02 Mar 2002

I checked http://www.dictionary.com/search?q=topic. Topic is a subject or theme. So (web-)page might have multiple topics, or there might be multiple pages about same topic. And you can change topic in same page. Or edit page without changing topic. What about make it simple and call web-page a just a page, as rest of the world does? -- PeterMasiar - 04 Mar 2002

Yeah, this page isn't the most seamless pseudo-merging of the two terms. Actually, it can be written so that the distinction between topic and page is clear, and yet, for a simple user's guide, we can use the easier TWikiTopics... Anyhow, see my note, this date, in TWikiGlossary that at least explains this topic-page issue...

-- MikeMannix - 12 May 2002

After wondering about how to rewind to earlier revisions and looking through some of the support docs on this question, I offer up the following guideline which, upon review and refinement, might be added to this section of docs. This seems like a pretty basic function that users will want to know how to do sooner or later. My intention here is to provide step by step instructions for reverting to an earlier version or reclaiming part of an earlier version without resorting to undocumented commands nor losing change history. - LB

Reviewing and Reverting to earlier versions of a topic

RCS revision control automatically saves all topic changes. To look at earlier versions of a topic, click on Diffs link in topic commands. If you would like to revert to an earlier version or reclaim part of an earlier version, just copy from the old topic revision to the current topic revision. This is a step by step set of instructions:

1. In the Diffs view, take note of what version of the topic you want to reclaim and then return to View.
2. Select More in the topic commands.
3. Under "View previous topic revision," enter the version number you want to reclaim and check "raw text format." Then click on "View revision."
4. Select either the portion of that version you want to reclaim or the entire text of the topic if you want to revert completely to that version. Select Copy under your browser's Edit menu.
5. Return to the most recent version of the topic and select Edit from the topic commands.
6. Either paste in the portion of the topic you wish to reclaimed or replace the entire text with the text you copied from the earlier version.
7. Preview and save the topic.

-- LynnwoodBrown - 25 Jul 2002

Just a slight modification to LynnwoodBrown's comments above, to hopefully make the instruction serve for both a newbie and someone not so newbie.

-- RandyKramer - 11 Jan 2003

Major changes, re-arranging and integration of LynnwoodBrown's section.

-- GrantBow - 17 Jan 2003

Grant, you have good editing skills!

-- PeterThoeny - 01 Feb 2003

Merged the two "Skins" bullets.

-- BruceMcKenzie - 09 Apr 2003

in http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/TWiki04/TWikiAccessControl, the doc says "You can define these settings in the WebPreferences topic, preferable towards the end of the topic" , it needs to say that "You can define these settings in the topic that you want to restrict access" not WebPreferences.

-- QiangLi - 10 Nov 2006

Thanks, this is fixed in the docs of the upcoming TWiki 4.1 (and also in TWiki04/TWikiAccessControl.)

-- PeterThoeny - 12 Nov 2006